SCUBA REGULATORS

First Stage
A regulator consists of two sections or stages: the first and second stage. The first stage  fits directly onto the scuba cylinder and takes the high-pressure air from the scuba tank and reduces the pressure to a level useable by the second stage. This level is called the intermediate pressure. A high quality regulator will have a first stage that is "balanced" (easier to breath). Another desirable feature for the first stage is that it is environmentally sealed. This is to keep the regulator functioning smoothly with less chance of failure in extreme conditions. A regulator that is environmentally sealed is less likely to fail and is easier to keep in tune.

Second Stage
 The second stage of the regulator is the part that you put into your mouth to breathe from. A high quality second stage will have a low profile. The mouthpiece might also be angled. These options reduce drag and resistance in the water while swimming. Most second stages have what is called a "Venturi Assist." This is a design feature that makes it easier to breathe. A useful feature in many better regulators is an extra directional vane or boost. Second stages that have vanes or a boost are the easiest to breathe from.

  Alternate Air Source Second Stage
 The most common type of alternate air source is an extra second stage. This is commonly called an Octopus. The octopus can be used on either the left or the right side of the regulator. There are advantages and disadvantages to each. The most common configuration is to wear it on the right side. Most of the same features that apply to the second stage also apply to the octopus. 

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